“No power on this earth can destroy the thirst for human dignity.” – Nelson Mandela
Since the inception of Western civilization, the concept of human dignity has been that value most cherished by those who live under its domain. And it is fitting that we recognize Christianity to be responsible for this occurrence. As critical theorist Jürgen Habermas so eloquently put it:
“Egalitarian universalism, from which sprang the ideas of freedom…human rights and democracy, is the direct heir of the Judaic ethic of justice and the Christian ethic of love…To this day, there is no alternative to it…we continue to draw on the substance of this heritage…Everything else is just idle postmodern chatter.”
When Christianity enters a society, it provides something critical, something special – an understanding of the inherent value of human dignity as well as human rights and freedom which flow from it.
Over the last several decades, a growing number of Americans have abandoned their Christian faith to join the ranks of the nonreligious. These “Nones” describe themselves as atheists, agnostics or “nothing in particular.” Some may shrug at this, but you don’t have to be religious to know that this shift doesn’t bode well for a nation founded on the precepts of freedom, natural rights and self-government.
For most of the 20th century, 70% of Americans belonged to a house of worship. But by 2020, Gallup found a mere 47% of Americans belonged to a church. According to several studies, Christianity is declining in America. A study by the Pew Research Center found that in 2022, 64% of Americans identified as Christian, down from 91% in 1976.
The “Nones” who do not identify with any particular religion has grown significantly, with 28% of American adults identifying as “Nones” in 2024, surpassing Catholics (21%) and Evangelical Protestants (24%). Pew projects that in 2070, Christians will likely make up less than half the US population.
And Great Britain has fared no better. UK Church membership has declined from 10.6 million in 1930 to 5.5 million in 2010 or as a percentage of the population — from about 30% to 11.2%. By 2013, this had declined further to 5.4 million (10.3%). If current trends continue, UK membership will fall to 8.4% of the population by the end of 2025.
This might not seem like a crisis, but I suspect America’s Founding Fathers would have disagreed. Our first president understood it well – sound self-government depended on morality and virtue, which in turn depended on religion. As George Washington stated in his Farewell address to the nation:
“Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indisputable supports.”
So, what happens to human dignity in these countries if Christianity recedes from its role in society? Christian human dignity is not founded on maximizing fairness or autonomy, but on the premise that all human beings are made free through natural law – the eternal moral law of God – not the whims of another human. If it becomes detached from that premise, then human dignity no longer makes sense.
Counterintuitive though it may seem, we owe a special thanks to a 19th century philosopher by the name of Nietzsche. Yes, the same, but through his musings we learn what lies ahead if Christianity recedes from society. Our philosopher nemesis criticized Christianity as a “slave morality.” Yet, our philosopher reveals something of critical advantage to us. He shows us what modern liberal secularism — without the tempering influence of Christianity — will look like. The real alternative to the Christian view of morality and worth of the individual is not something warm and comfortable but something more invidious, more inhospitable. Nietzsche writes: “…‘Man in himself,’ the absolute man possesses neither dignity, nor rights, nor duties.”
Our atheist inadvertently confesses that the concept of human dignity is integral to Christianity, critical to the revolt of the “slave morality” that toppled pagan religion and dramatically altered people’s views of the worth of human beings.
Nietzsche is correct: Christianity introduced for the first time the idea of human dignity – the idea that all human beings are in some way special or worthy of respect simply because they are human beings – irrespective of their particular merits or station.
Our own dignity today in America and Britain emanates from the Judeo-Christian tradition and the encounter between Christians and the secular world. But given what we know of the decline of Christianity in our two countries, this dignity of ours is not something we may take for granted.
So, if human dignity is a Christian concept, what happens to it after Christianity – in a Post-Christian world?
With respect to this question there is hope. There are scholars who suggest that the idea of inherent human dignity will not necessarily wane. Even the alleged “secular” Christian theologian Don Cupitt noted what is historically indisputable:
“Nobody in the West can be wholly non-Christian…Whether or not you personally think of yourself as being a Christian does not very much affect the extent to which Christianity goes on influencing your hopes and your dreams…You may call yourself a non-Christian, but the dreams you dream are still Christian dreams, and you continue to be part of the history of Christianity.”
Human dignity in a post-Christian world
In spite of the above benevolent declarations about the future of human dignity, we must also remain sanguine about the current state of affairs in Britain and America. Christianity does appear to be receding on both sides of the Atlantic.
Unfortunately, the ghost of Nietzsche is still with us. An increasingly secular Britain and America are not ushering in rational, neutral, and indifferent regimes, but rather dangerous, revitalized forms of atheism, agnosticism or pure apathy. Indeed, irrationalism is on full display in America.
The malevolence of secularism is visible across the country. Abortion and euthanasia are new forms of self-indulgence or worse — population control; transhumanism and transgenderism reflect humankind’s embrace of postmodern relativism where the lines blur between what constitutes man and woman. And then there is AI, Artificial Intelligence, increasingly supplanting human artifice – a “Prometheus” bearing gifts of alleged knowledge to humanity – to be exalted as a 21st century “godlike” entity. This is Nietzsche’s future – we must not let it become ours.
Britain and America must not permit Christianity (and therefore God) to recede from the critical role it plays in society and with it the demise of our dignity, our rights and our freedom. There is much to do – let us commence God’s work in earnest.
F. Andrew Wolf, Jr.
Photo: ensonhaber.com
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